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|title=Graph Distances
 
|source=kanpur06
 
|source=kanpur06
 
|who=Andrew McGregor
 
|who=Andrew McGregor
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Clearly, an $(\alpha,\beta)$-spanner gives an $\alpha+\beta/d_G(u,v)$ approximation to $d_G(u,v)$.
 
Clearly, an $(\alpha,\beta)$-spanner gives an $\alpha+\beta/d_G(u,v)$ approximation to $d_G(u,v)$.
 
Since a spanner is constructed independently of $u$ and $v$ it is perhaps surprising that this approach gives nearly optimal results for approximating $d_G(u,v)$ in a single pass {{cite|FeigenbaumKMSZ-05}}. It is unclear whether there is a better approach for multiple pass algorithms. Clearly, $d_G(u,v)$ can be computed exactly in $d_G(u,v)$ passes but for $d_G(u,v)$ large this is infeasible. Can we do better? For example, how well can $d_G(u,v)$ be approximated in $O(\log n)$ passes? What if the edges arrived in random order?
 
Since a spanner is constructed independently of $u$ and $v$ it is perhaps surprising that this approach gives nearly optimal results for approximating $d_G(u,v)$ in a single pass {{cite|FeigenbaumKMSZ-05}}. It is unclear whether there is a better approach for multiple pass algorithms. Clearly, $d_G(u,v)$ can be computed exactly in $d_G(u,v)$ passes but for $d_G(u,v)$ large this is infeasible. Can we do better? For example, how well can $d_G(u,v)$ be approximated in $O(\log n)$ passes? What if the edges arrived in random order?
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== Update ==
 
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Guruswami and Onak {{cite|GuruswamiO-13}} showed that checking if $d_G(u,v) \le 2(p+1)$ in $p$ passes, where $p = O\left(\frac{\log n}{\log\log n}\right)$, requires $\Omega\left(\frac{n^{1+1/(2p+2)}}{p^{20}\log^{3/2}n}\right)$ bits of space.
 

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